The relationship between mortality and microbiological parameters in febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies.

Objectives: To determine effective risk factors on mortality in febrile neutropenic cases with hematologic malignancy. Patients with hematologic diseases are more prone to infections and those are frequent causes of mortality. Methods: This retrospective study was performed using data of 164 febrile neutropenic cases with hematologic malignancies who were followed up in a hematology clinic of a tertiary health care center between 2011-2015. The relationship between descriptive and clinical parameters rates and rates of mortality on the 7th and the 21st days were investigated. Results: Patients with absolute neutrophil count<100/mm(3), duration of neutropenia longer than 7 days, pneumonia or gastrointestinal foci of infection, central catheterization (p=0.025), isolation of Gram (-) bacteria in culture, carbapenem resistance, septic shock, and bacterial growth during intravenous administration of antibiotic treatment were under more risk for mortality on both the 7th and the 21st days. The final multivariate logistic regression results showed that pneumonia (p<0.0001), septic shock (p=0.004) and isolation of Gram-negative bacteria (p=0.032) were statistically significant risk factors. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of serious infections, which are important causes of morbidity and mortality, are crucial in patients with febrile neutropenia. Thus, each center should closely follow up causes of infection and establish their empirical antibiotherapy protocols to accomplish better results in the management of febrile neutropenia.