Changes in atrazine speciation and the degradation pathway in red soil during the vermiremediation process.

•Vermiremediation improves atrazine removal efficiency from 39.5% to 94.1–95.7%.•Vermiremediation neutralizes soil pH and consumes organic matter.•Increased atrazine availability in vermiremediation treatments.•Altered atrazine degradation pathway from hydrolysis to deethylation/deisopropyl.