Laparoscopic Liver Resection: Experience of 436 Cases in One Center

Background To report experience of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) in one center. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 436 consecutive LLRs in 411 patients between December 2010 and December 2016. On the basis of the 2008 Louisville Statement, we divided the 436 cases into two groups: Simple Group ( n = 203) and Difficult Group ( n = 233). Results The indications were HCC ( n = 194), colorectal cancer liver metastasis ( n = 156), benign tumors ( n = 62), hepatolithiasis ( n = 2), and other malignant lesions ( n = 22). The median tumor size was 24 mm (range 3 to 130). Procedures of LLR included wedge resection ( n = 230), one segmentectomy ( n = 8), two segmentectomies ( n = 12), left lateral sectionectomy ( n = 75), right hepatectomy ( n = 52), left hepatectomy ( n = 31), extended right hepatectomy ( n = 2), extended left hepatectomy ( n = 5), central bisectionectomy ( n = 3), right posterior sectionectomy ( n = 12), and right anterior sectionectomy ( n = 6). The median operative time was 228 min (range 9–843) and median blood loss was 150 ml (range 2–3500). Twenty-five cases required blood transfusion (5.7%). Conversion to open surgery was required in six cases (1.4%). The mean length of stay was 6.4 ± 2.9 days. Overall complication rate was 9.4% and major complication rate was 5%. One patient died of liver failure on the thirtieth postoperative day after a right hepatectomy. We had higher median blood loss (200 vs. 100 ml; p < 0.001), higher transfusion rate (8.2 vs. 2.9%; p = 0.020), longer median operative time (297 vs. 164 min; p < 0.001), higher conversion rate (2.6 vs. 0%; p = 0.021), higher complication rate (14.2 vs. 3.9%; p < 0.001), and longer mean postoperative hospital stay (6.8 ± 2.9 vs. 5.9 ± 3.0 days; p < 0.001) in the Difficult Group. Conclusions Laparoscopic liver resection is safe for selected patients in the Difficult Group. On the basis of the 2008 Louisville Statement, selection criteria of LLR are helpful to predict the difficulty of the operation and the postoperative outcomes of LLR.