A Territory-wide, Multicenter, Age- and Prostate-specific Antigen-matched Study Comparing Chemohormonal Therapy and Hormonal Therapy Alone in Chinese Men with Metastatic Hormone-sensitive Prostate Cancer

We conducted a territory-wide, multicenter, age- and prostate-specific antigen-matched cohort study comparing chemohormonal therapy and hormonal therapy alone in Chinese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Our study showed that the use of chemohormonal therapy could prevent prostate-specific antigen progression and the development of castration resistance when compared with hormonal therapy alone in Chinese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostatic cancer. Background: There is a lack of real-world data regarding the treatment outcomes of chemohormonal therapy versus hormonal therapy alone in Chinese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Patients and Methods: We conducted a territory-wide, multicenter, age- and prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-matched cohort study comparing chemohormonal therapy and hormonal therapy alone in Chinese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Patient and disease characteristics were reviewed. The primary outcome was PSA progression-free survival. Secondary outcomes included clinical progression-free survival and castration resistance-free survival. Kaplan-Meier and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. Results: From January 2015 to July 2016, 32 Chinese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer were treated with chemohormonal therapy, and they were matched to 32 Chinese men who were treated with hormonal therapy alone. Patient and disease characteristics were similar between the 2 groups. The chemohormonal therapy group had a significantly better PSA progression-free survival (P = .001) and castration resistance-free survival (P - .002) than the hormonal therapy group. There was no significant difference in the clinical progression-free survival between the 2 groups. Upon multivariate Cox regression analyses, the use of chemohormonal therapy was significantly associated with a longer time to PSA progression (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.73; P = .008) and a longer time to castration resistance (hazard ratio, 0.38; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.83; P = .015), but was not associated with clinical progression. Conclusions: The use of chemohormonal therapy could prevent PSA progression and the development of castration resistance when compared with hormonal therapy alone in Chinese men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostatic cancer. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.