Alpha 5 Integrin Mediates Osteoarthritic Changes In Mouse Knee Joints

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of most common skeletal disorders and can affect synovial joints such as knee and ankle joints. alpha 5 integrin, a major fibronectin receptor, is expressed in articular cartilage and has been demonstrated to play roles in synovial joint development and in the regulation of chondrocyte survival and matrix degradation in articular cartilage. We hypothesized that alpha 5 integrin signaling is involved in pathogenesis of OA. To test this, we generated compound mice that conditionally ablate alpha 5 integrin in the synovial joints using the Gdf5Cre system. The compound mice were born normally and had an overall appearance similar to the control mice. However, when the mutant mice received the OA surgery, they showed stronger resistance to osteoarthritic changes than the control. Specifically the mutant knee joints presented lower levels of cartilage matrix and structure loss and synovial changes and showed stronger biomechanical properties than the control knee joints. These findings indicate that alpha 5 integrin may not be essential for synovial joint development but play a causative role in induction of osteoarthritic changes.