Retrograde Approach is as Effective and Safe as Antegrade Approach in Contemporary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusion: A Taiwan Single-Center Registry Study.

In selected cases and with highly experienced operators, retrograde approach in CTO PCI is as effective and safe as antegrade approach at the expense of longer procedure time, more radiation exposure and contrast medium consumption. For retrograde approach, either septal, epicardial or AV groove collaterals can be used with similarly success, complication and in-hospital MACE rates.