History of Urinary Retention Is a Risk Factor for Infection after Prostate Biopsy: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background and Aim: Infection or bleeding after transrectal prostate biopsy remains a concern of both patients and urologists. We explored the risk of association of certain co-morbidities with both complications. Patients and Methods: Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients undergoing prostate biopsy from 2000 to 2013. We used logistic multivariable regression to search for associations between post-biopsy hospitalization and the two co-morbidities within a year after biopsy. Results: Among 3,601 prostate biopsies, 100 infections (3.77%) and 52 (1.44%) bleeding-related emergency room visits and hospitalizations were recorded within 30 days after biopsy. The group having the biopsy as an inpatient exhibited older age (p<0.0001) and a higher percentage of having diabetes mellitus (p=0.015) than patients without either complication. The logistic multivariable regression analysis showed that urinary retention, freedom from diabetes, and performance as an outpatient procedure were independent risk factors for infection-related hospitalization (odds ratios 1.81, 1.96, and 1.72; p values 0.031, 0.037, and 0.010, respectively). Conclusion: Patients with a recent history of urinary retention have a higher probability of infection-related hospitalization after prostate biopsy.