Cholera spatial-temporal patterns in Gonaives, Haiti: From contributing factors to targeted recommendations

•Patterns of cholera socio-environmental risk factors were identified in Gonaives City, Haiti.•Coastal flood plains are high-risk associated with easy access to a contaminated brackish water table.•Hillside areas are high-risk associated with poverty, poor water availability and open defecation.•Development of water supply networks and safe sanitation practices must be neighbourhood-specific.