Investigation into the Use of a Diaminodihydroxyaryl Derivative of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (DAHA-EDTA) for Cu-64 PET Imaging and Radioimmunotherapy

A diaminodihydroxyaryl derivative of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (DAHA-EDTA) was synthesised in two steps and evaluated for Cu-64 radiolabelling of the B72.3 antibody. The ligand complexes Cu-64 rapidly in a pH range 4 to 7. The Cu-64 complex of the parent species N,N'-bis(carboxymethyl)-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyacetanilido)-1,2-diaminoethane (DHA-EDTA) shows good stability in serum at 37 degrees C for up to 72 h. Conjugation of the Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA to the B72.3 antibody was achieved using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) as the activating agent. The reaction conditions were optimized for protein concentration and molar ratio of Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA and EDC to antibody. The specific activity of the final [Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA]-B72.3 product was 49 MBq mg(-1) at the end of synthesis. The biodistribution of [Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA]-B72.3 in LS174t tumour-bearing nude mice was monitored over a 24 h period. Maximum tumour uptake (25.8 +/- 7.5% ID g(-1)) was achieved at 16 h and maintained at 24 h (21.6 +/- 1.8% ID g(-1)). Rapid clearance of the [Cu-64-DAHA-EDTA]-B72.3 from the blood resulted in good tumour-to-blood ratios (approximate to 3.3) within a shorter period (6 h) than previously reported with B72.3 whole antibody and the LS174t tumour bearing nude mouse model.