Coordination properties of aqueous vanadate complexes with nitrogen- and oxygen-containing multidentate ligands

Vanadate binds with IDA through the N-atom and one of two carboxymethyl groups to form a trigonal–bipyramidal complex, in addition to the complex binging through the N-atom and both of the carboxymethyl groups. When an appropriate functional group exists as the third one, such as HIDA, it can coordinate to the central vanadium to form a highly-stable octahedral complex with a tetradentate binding.