Searches for new Milky Way satellites from the first two years of data of the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam survey: Discovery of Cetus III

We present the results from a search for new Milky Way (MW) satellites from the first two years of data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) similar to 300 deg(2) and report the discovery of a highly compelling ultra-faint dwarf galaxy candidate in Cetus. This is the second ultra-faint dwarf we have discovered after Virgo I reported in our previous paper. This satellite, Cetus III, has been identified as a statistically significant (10.7 sigma) spatial overdensity of star-like objects, which are selected from a relevant isochrone filter designed for a metal-poor and old stellar population. This stellar system is located at a heliocentric distance of 251(-11)(+24) kpc with a most likely absolute magnitude of M-V = -2.4 +/- 0.6 mag estimated from a Monte Carlo analysis. Cetus III is extended with a half-light radius of r(h) = 90(-17)(+42) pc, suggesting that this is a faint dwarf satellite in the MW located beyond the detection limit of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Further spectroscopic studies are needed to assess the nature of this stellar system. We also revisit and update the parameters for Virgo I, finding M-V = -0.33(-0.87)(+0.75) mag and r(h) = 47(13)+(19) pc. Using simulations of Lambda- dominated cold dark matter models, we predict that we should find one or two new MW satellites from similar to 300 deg(2) HSC-SSP data, in rough agreement with the discovery rate so far. The further survey and completion of HSC-SSP over similar to 1400 deg(2) will provide robust insights into the missing satellites problem.