Data for: A 1700-year Athrotaxis selaginoides tree-ring width chronology from southeastern Australia

•New 1700-year Athrotaxis selaginoides chronology from southeastern Australia.•Chronology most strongly corresponds to temperature.•A. selaginoides and nearby temperature-sensitive L. franklinii chronologies differ.•Physiological differences likely to be important in these differences.•Composition of chronologies possibly related to different fire patterns at sites.