Tying product reuse into tying arrangements to achieve competitive advantage and environmental improvement

•Actions to promote a circular economy require evaluation using a systems approach.•Adaptation of SCP with economic & environmental analysis is applied to tied markets.•Remanufacturing can restore economic efficiency & environmental gain under EPR.•Durable goods EPR laws may negatively affect economic efficiency in a tied market.•EPR laws may offer firms options to improve profits with less environmental harm.