Multipath signals in a refractive environment

Atmospheric ducting can cause electromagnetic (EM) waves to bend over earth's surface. While ducting can create temporary channels between long ranged receivers, these signals may also experience undesirable multipath fading. A sparse MIMO model is created for detection of such multipaths described by the arrival and departure angles of each path. Simulations suggest that it is effective at identifying the paths of signals with good signal to noise ratio (SNR), assuming few paths. The model is applied to southern California data to observe the multipath properties of ducted signals.