Indirect interactions between crops and natural vegetation through flower visitors: the importance of temporal as well as spatial spillover

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment(2018)

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摘要
•Crop pollinators rely on other plant species even when the crop is not flowering.•We assessed indirect effects via shared visitors of plant species on mango.•Mean indirect effect increased with flower abundance on a particular plant species.•Wild plant species had a greater cumulative effect on mango than plants in mango fields.•Wild species and weeds both supported crop flower visitors when mango was not flowering.
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关键词
Crop pollination,Ecosystem services,Facilitation,Indirect effects over time,Network analysis,Wild pollinators
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