Study of thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and association with its components

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of metabolic derangements such as obesity, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and a proinflammatory and prothrombotic state. Thyroid dysfunction is common among metabolic syndrome patients. This study investigates association of thyroid dysfunction with components of metabolic syndrome with an aim to establish link between both entities. Objectives To study the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome and to evaluate the association of thyroid dysfunction with components of metabolic syndrome. Methodology In this prospective case control study, thyroid profile was estimated in 100 metabolic syndrome patients as well as 100 age/sex matched control population attending OPD and various wards of New Hospital Medical College Kota, over a period of one year. Results In the 100 metabolic syndrome patients included in this study 37% had subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), 12% had overt hypothyroidism and 2% had overt hyperthyroidism. In control group 8% had SCH and 4% had overt hypothyroidism. Thyroid dysfunction was significantly associated ( P =0.025) with high waist circumference in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion Thyroid dysfunction particularly subclinical hypothyroidism is a common endocrine abnormality associated with metabolic syndrome patients, more so in female population and elderly and is associated with one component of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference). Hence, thyroid function tests may be included as a routine investigation in all metabolic syndrome patients.