Femtosecond laser-induced ripple patterns for homogenous nanostructuring of pyrolytic carbon heart valve implant

•The formation of LIPSS under femtosecond laser irradiation on PyC is investigated.•The irradiation conditions of transition between HSFL and LSFL is shown.•Structures with periodicity smaller than 100 nm were obtained.•The most suitable parameters for uniform structuring large areas are established.•EDX and Raman spectroscopy are used to determine change in elemental composition.