Routing and regenerator planning in a carrier's core reconfigurable optical network

The introduction of colorless-directionless reconfigurable-optical-add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) brings new capabilities to the physical network, including bandwidth pre-positioning, bandwidth-on-demand, optical layer mesh restoration, and wavelength defragmentation. In order to utilize these new capabilities, carriers need to pre-deploy transponders at endpoints as well as regenerators at interm...