Evaluation of sensory attributes of Hanwoo Longissimus dorsi muscle and its relationships with intramuscular fat, shear force, and environmental factors

We examined the relationship of Hanwoo (Bos taurus coreana) beef sensory attributes with intramuscular fat (IMF), Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and other environmental factors. Samples of 458 beef carcasses including 32 cows, 34 steers, and 392 bulls were analyzed for IMF percentage, WBSF, and important sensory attributes (tenderness, juiciness, and flavour-likeness). Results revealed that steer beef had significantly higher scores for all three sensory attributes than beef from cows and bulls. While juiciness and flavour-likeness differed (p < 0.05) among bulls and cows, they were not associated an effect on tenderness. All sensory attributes and WBSF were correlated (p < 0.001) with IMF; the highest correlation coefficient was for tenderness (0.55) while a negative coefficient (-0.39) was found for WBSF. The influence of IMF level on all three sensory attributes of bull beef significantly increased with IMF level. All sensory attributes of steer and bull beef showed negative relationship (p < 0.01) with WBSF, where highest correlation coefficient (-0.8) found for steer beef tenderness. Furthermore, tenderness and flavour-likeness showed lower ranks for meats slaughtered during the winter season; however, juiciness did not differ (p < 0.05) among seasons.