Factors Affecting Coronary Arterial Calcification in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Who Did Not Undergo Treatment with Dialysis

Purpose: To investigate risk factors of coronary arterial calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who did not undergo hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. Materials and Methods: We enrolled 83 patients of normal renal function (Group I) and 112 patients of CKD [Group II (CKD stage 1–2) and Group III (CKD stage 3–5)], who were assessed coronary artery calcium score (CACS) with cardiac CT. CACS between the groups were compared. Risk factors for coronary artery calcification in patients with CKD including diabetes, hypertension, and smoking were identified as relevant to CACS using logistic regression analysis. Serologic data of electrolytes were analyzed to evaluate effect for coronary calcification in patients with CKD. Results: Group III showed significant increment of CACS compared to Group I at the CACS level over 400 [odds ratio (OR) = 7.581, p = 0.01]. The OR were decreased in non-diabetic patients group, increased in non-hypertensive patients group, no significant differences in non-current smoker group. Serum phosphorous level was the only factor which showed significant effect for increased CACS (OR of 2.649, p = 0.02). Conclusion: In CKD patients, higher stage of CKD was associated with increased CACS. Diabetes mellitus and increased serum phosphorous level would be considered as factors influencing coronary arterial calcification in CKD patients.