Variabilidade espacial da produtividade, perdas na colheita e lucratividade da cultura de soja

Precision agriculture emerges as an important tool to maximize production, at which yield maps indicate the locations of critical areas, helping to make localized interventions, to increase productivity and consequently the profitability. The objective was to evaluate the spatial variability of productivity and quantitative losses in mechanical harvesting and profitability of soybean production area. It carried out a survey of georeferenced data in an area of 20.90 ha. It was used geostatistical techniques for determining the spatial variability. The spatial dependence was moderate for all the studied parameters, observing regions, with more or less spatial variability in productivity in quantitative grain losses and profitability. The average yield was 3748.63 kg. ha(-1), at which 67.65 % of the total area of 3254.05 presented levels of productivity from 3254.05 to 3609.91 kg. ha(-1) and 3609.91 to 3965.91 kg ha(-1). The total grain losses found at harvest were low ( 49.59 kg. ha(-1)). The average profit was 1,252.54 $.ha(-1), with two representative profit regions from 1187.20 to 1354.78 $.ha(-1) and from 1019.62 to 1187.20 $. ha(-1,) corresponding to 67.65 % of the total area. It is possible to state that the similarity in the spatial variability of yield maps and profitability is due to the fact that the latter was made from productivity data, which would allow the producer to investigate the reasons for low productivity, possibly suggesting a soil fertility study in order to find and fix the problem that led to low productivity, improving the cost/benefit ratio, resulting in a higher profit.