Low-latitude daytime F region irregularities observed in two geomagnetically quiet days by the Hainan coherent scatter phased array radar (HCOPAR): Daytime F Region Irregularities

Hainan coherent scatter phased array radar (HCOPAR) located at low latitude of China has recorded the extremely rare daytime F region irregularities at noon of 22 July 2013 and 23 May 2016. The two field-aligned irregularities (FAIs) appeared in the topside F-2 layer and presented small Doppler velocities and narrow spectral widths. The fan sector maps show that the FAIs moved northward with almost no zonal speed. The irregularities emerged in the geomagnetically quiet condition and were irrelevant to the storm-induced eastward electric field as other daytime cases. More than 2 h after the emergency of the daytime irregularities over Hainan, the Shaoyang digisonde situated similar to 870 km north to the HCOPAR recorded the spread-F in ionospheric F-1 layer. According to the echo altitudes, the spread-F may connect the daytime bubbles via magnetic field line. The strong photoionization after sunrise made it difficult to generate the plasma bubbles in the sunlit ionosphere. Consequently, the two midday FAIs over Hainan may drift along the magnetic field lines from higher altitudes in the south and are most likely the remnant of previous night's bubbles.