Characterizing intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: Implications for the definition of intermediate risk and treatment strategy.

•Intermediate-risk tumors that recurred after a high-risk should be discriminated.•Their recurrence rate was higher when compared with the other intermediate-risk cases.•Adjuvant BCG therapy may be indispensable for them.•BCG refractory cases had a significantly higher rate of stage progression.•BCG refractory tumors need to be managed as a separate category.