An experimental paradigm for the assessment of realistic human multitasking

Human multitasking has been evaluated with paradigms that administered two—rarely three—concurrent tasks. In everyday life, however, we usually face an ever-changing sequence of distinct concurrent tasks. Available studies therefore provided valuable insights into our ability for dual tasking, but they did not address the natural interplay of dual tasking and task switching. The present study was undertaken to explore the feasibility of two new paradigms which replicate that interplay in virtual reality. We used car driving simulator software to implement a virtual car-driving task as well as a virtual street-crossing task. Either task was administered alone, as well as concurrently with a battery of loading tasks that mimicked activities of everyday life. The loading tasks used different sensory modalities, different cognitive processes, and different output channels and were presented in an ever-changing sequence. Cronbach’s alpha scores of key registered variables were high, which indicates that our approach is reliable. Driving and street-crossing performance deteriorated under multitask conditions, which indicates that our approach is sensitive to multitasking. This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of an experimental paradigm for the assessment of natural multitasking, i.e., of combined dual tasking and task switching. This paradigm could be of interest for basic science as well as for prevention and rehabilitation settings.