Economic Impact Of Residual Nitrogen And Preceding Crops On Wheat And Canola

A 6-yr study was conducted across western Canada to evaluate the residual eff ects of preceding crops (PCs) and past N rate management on the economics of subsequent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and canola (Brassica napus L.). Field pea (Pisum sativum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), canola and wheat harvested for grain, and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) grown and harvested for grain or as a green manure were direct seeded in 2009. Canola was seeded in 2010, barley in 2011, and canola again in 2012 with fertilizer N applied at varying rates for each crop. Spring wheat grown in 2013 and canola in 2014, both without N application, were used to determine residual PC and residual N eff ects. Th e positive benefi t of legume PCs on the annual crop net revenue (NR) of wheat and canola crops diminished over time. Residual N from previously applied N had positive eff ects on annual wheat NR in 2013, but only the highest application rate contributed signifi cantly to canola NR in 2014. Th e NR was greatest with an annual fertilization program based on regional production capacity, but under the dry conditions of the Canadian prairies excess N remaining in the soil aft er crop production could remain in the soil as residual N to be used by following crops. While generally insuffi cient to optimize crop production, residual N can reduce the economic risk from over-application of fertilizer if N is not utilized by the crop due to adverse growing conditions in the year of fertilizer application.