Complexity Drivers in Digitalized Work Systems: Implications for Cooperative Forms of Work

Digitalization changes the way people work to a considerable extent. It alters business models and process organizations of whole industries. The ensuing market dynamics and faster innovation cycles cause an increase in complexity. In this article, the interconnection of digitalization and complexity in work systems is analyzed. For this purpose, a framework for comparing relevant complexity definitions is developed. Moreover, complexity drivers in digitalized labor systems in six different organizational dimensions (process organization, organizational structure, technology, working conditions, product and personnel) are explored. 23 experts from the academic and industrial sector were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The results of a qualitative content analysis show that the consideration of complexity and digitalization has extensive impact what becomes evident in interdependent relations amongst the organizational dimensions. Furthermore, complexity drivers in digitalized work systems are determined as a result of the analysis procedure. Finally, the implications of the expert interviews for cooperative forms of work are discussed. The concept of a “task complexity mountain range” is presented to explain the effect of task complexity on performance and motivation in the context of work groups.