Large eddy simulation and investigation on the laminar-turbulent transition and turbulence-cavitation interaction in the cavitating flow around hydrofoil

•Subtle vortical wave, hairpin vortices and pressure disturbance are captured by LES.•Cavitation makes super large-scaled vortices in wake and abnormal pressure spectrum.•Shedding mechanism is not accurate by re-entrant jet but also by turbulence effect.•Counterintuitive force jump is caused by pressure rising induced by cavity collapse.•Vorticity mechanisms are analyzed to clarify cavitation effects on vortex structure.