Moonlighting Protein Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase: A Cellular Rapid-Response Molecule for Maintenance of Iron Homeostasis in Hypoxia.

Our results suggest the role of GAPDH-mediated Tf uptake as a rapid response mechanism by which cells acquire iron during the early stages of hypoxia. This is a tissue-specific phenomenon for the distinct requirements of cells that are consumers of iron versus cells that play a role in iron storage and recycling. This rapid deployment of an abundantly available multipurpose molecule allows hypoxic cells to internalize more Tf and maintain enhanced iron supplies in the early stages of hypoxia before specialized receptors can be synthesized and deployed to the cell membrane.