$I_{\rm SDE}$ +—An Indicator for Multi and Many-Objective Optimization

In this letter, an efficient indicator for multi and many-objective optimization is proposed. The proposed indicator ( $I_{{SDE}}$ ⁺ ) is a combination of sum of objectives and shift-based density estimation and benefits from their ability to promote convergence and diversity, respectively. An evolutionary multiobjective optimization framework based on the proposed indicator is shown to perform comparably or better than the state-of-the-art on a variety of scalable benchmark problems.