Interface-aware signal temporal logic.

Safety and security are major concerns in the development of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Signal temporal logic (STL) was proposed as a language to specify and monitor the correctness of CPS relative to formalized requirements. Incorporating STL into a development process enables designers to automatically monitor and diagnose traces, compute robustness estimates based on requirements, and perform requirement falsification, leading to productivity gains in verification and validation activities; however, in its current form STL is agnostic to the input/output classification of signals, and this negatively impacts the relevance of the analysis results. In this paper we propose to make the interface explicit in the STL language by introducing input/output signal declarations. We then define new measures of input vacuity and output robustness that better reflect the nature of the system and the specification intent. The resulting framework, which we call interface-aware signal temporal logic (IA-STL), aids verification and validation activities. We demonstrate the benefits of IA-STL on several CPS analysis activities: (1) robustness-driven sensitivity analysis, (2) falsification and (3) fault localization. We describe an implementation of our enhancement to STL and associated notions of robustness and vacuity in a prototype extension of Breach, a MATLAB®/Simulink® toolbox for CPS verification and validation. We explore these methodological improvements and evaluate our results on two examples from the automotive domain: a benchmark powertrain control system and a hydrogen fuel cell system.