Interaction Of Hydrogen With Actinide Dioxide (111) Surfaces

The interaction of atomic and molecular hydrogen with actinide dioxide (AnO(2), An = U, Np, Pu) (111) surfaces has been investigated by DFT+ U, where noncollinear 3k antiferromagnetic behaviour and spin-orbit interactions are considered. The adsorption of atomic hydrogen forms a hydroxide group, coupled to the reduction of an actinide ion. The energy of atomic hydrogen adsorption on the UO2 (0.82 eV), NpO2 (-0.10 eV), and PuO2 (-1.25 eV) surfaces has been calculated. The dissociation of molecular hydrogen is not observed, shown to be due to kinetic rather than thermodynamic factors. As a barrier to the formation of a second hydroxyl group, an unusual charge distribution has been shown. This could be a limitation of a (1 1) unit cell method or an artefact of the systems. The recombination of hydrogen ions on the AnO(2) (111) surfaces is favoured over hydroxide formation.