Evaluating utilization patterns of oral anticoagulants in routine care.

Essentials Unlike warfarin, treatment with DOACs do not require regular plasma level monitoring. We compared persistence of patients treated with DOACs compared to warfarin. Persistence at 12 months was higher for all DOACs compared to warfarin. Persistence to anticoagulant therapy was generally poor in commercially insured patients. Background Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) were developed as an alternative to vitamin K antagonists for a variety of indications. Unlike warfarin, DOACs do not require regular plasma level monitoring. Objective We investigated whether this simplification in management affects persistence on DOACs vs warfarin. Methods Within two US commercial health insurance databases (MarketScan and Clinformatics (TM) DataMart), we compared baseline characteristics and evaluated rates of nonpersistence (>= 30-day treatment gap or switching) among patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who initiated an oral anticoagulant between October 2010 and September 2015. Results In the larger of the two data sources (MarketScan), we identified 166 690 anticoagulant initiators during the study period. After propensity score (PS) matching, 24 141 dabigatran initiators, 26 066 rivaroxaban, and 12 578 apixaban initiators were included along with the 1:1 matched warfarin initiators. The proportion of patients who were nonpersistent after 12 months was lower for DOAC users (dabigatran 66%, rivaroxaban 60%, apixaban 53%) compared with warfarin users (72%). The same relative ranking was observed in direct comparisons among the DOACs after PS-matching. Findings in Clinformatics DataMart were similar. Conclusion Results from this long-term surveillance program showed that patients who initiated DOACs were more likely to be persistent to therapy compared with those who initiated warfarin. Persistence to anticoagulant therapy was generally poor in commercially insured patients.