Paraburkholderia strydomiana sp. nov. and Paraburkholderia steynii sp. nov.: rhizobial symbionts of the fynbos legume Hypocalyptus sophoroides

Twelve nodulating Paraburkholderia strains isolated from indigenous South African fynbos legume Hypocalyptus sophoroides were investigated to determine their taxonomic status. Genealogical concordance analysis, based on six loci (16S rRNA, atpD , recA , rpoB , lepA and gltB ), revealed that they separate into two consistent and exclusive groups. Average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridisation comparisons indicated that they were sufficiently divergent from their closest known phylogenetic relatives ( Paraburkholderia caledonica and Paraburkholderia terrae , respectively) to be regarded as novel species. This was also supported by the results of fatty acid analysis and metabolic characterisation. For these two isolate groups, we accordingly propose the new species Paraburkholderia strydomiana sp. nov. with WK1.1f T (= LMG 28731 T = SARCC1213 T ) as its type strain and Paraburkholderia steynii sp. nov. with HC1.1ba T (= LMG 28730 T = SARCC696 T ) as its type strain. Our data thus showed that H. sophoroides may be considered a promiscuous symbiotic partner due to its ability to associate with multiple species of Paraburkholderia .