Use of the Bispectral Index to Predict Recovery of Consciousness in Patients with Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage after Surgical Hematoma Evacuation: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Our study aimed to test the predictive value of the bispectral index (BIS) for the post-operational consciousness recovery in patients undergone hematoma evacuation due to spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Material/Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we enrolled adult spontaneous ICH patients after surgical hematoma evacuation who did not recover consciousness on the first postoperative day. After patient enrollment, the BIS was continuously monitored for 12 hours, and the motor response on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS-M) was evaluated. The patients were followed up for 30 days and divided into a consciousness recovery group and a nonrecovery group. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to investigate the predictive values of the BIS, GCS-M and ICH score on the consciousness recovery. The area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. During the 12-hour monitoring period, the peak BIS value after GCS-M stimulation was used for ROC analysis. Results: Of the 55 enrolled patients, 19 patients recovered consciousness, and 36 patients did not. The BIS value of the consciousness recovery group was significantly higher than that of the nonrecovery group (P<0.001). For consciousness recovery prediction, the AUC (95%CI) of the BIS values after external stimulation was 0.97 (0.91-1.00), which was superior to the GCS-M (0.75 [0.59-0.91]) and ICH score (0.57 [0.41-0.73]). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that BIS might be a potential tool for predicting the consciousness recovery in ICH patients undergone surgical hematoma evacuation.