Risk factors for postoperative stroke in adults patients with moyamoya disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Background This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the risk factors for postoperative stroke in adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD). Methods We comprehensively searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for eligible published literature with regard to the risk factors and postoperative complications in adult patients with MMD. Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 12.0. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were assessed for each risk factor. Results There were 8 studies encompassing 1649 patients who underwent surgery with MMD were selected for analysis. Preoperative ischemic event significantly increase the risk of postoperative stroke events (OR = 1.40; 95%CI = 1.02–1.92; P = 0.039). PCA involvement correlate with an increased risk of post-infarction (OR = 4.60; 95%CI = 2.61–8.11; P = 0.000). Compared to direct bypass, patients who underwent indirect bypass or combined bypass could significantly increase the risk of postoperative stroke events. (OR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.03–1.33; p = 0.017). MMD patients with diabetes were associated with an increased risk of postoperative stroke events (OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.59–10.16; p = 0.003). MMD patients with hypertension, age at onset and male sex were not associated with an increased risk of postoperative stroke events ( P > 0.05). Conclusions This systematic review and meta-analysis indicated that preoperative ischemic events, PCA involvement and diabetes were independent risk factors for postoperative stroke in MMD patients. Therefore, in order to ensure the curative effect of patients with MMD, it is very necessary to detect these risk factors and prevent postoperative complications in time.