Oncological Screening of Kidney Transplant Patients: The Role of Ultrasound Examination.

Introduction. Immunosuppressive therapy used after organ transplantation represents a considerable oncological risk. Abdominal ultrasound examinations play an essential role in the oncological screening of organ transplant patients. Our aim was to study the effectiveness of the ultrasound screening protocol currently used in our clinic. Methods. Reports of screening abdominal ultrasound examinations of kidney transplant recipients were processed at the Department of Transplantation and Surgery of Semmelweis University from January 2012 to December 2015. Results. In 1478 studies, 14 patients were diagnosed with a malignant tumor, 11 of which were formed in the native shrunken kidney. The mean age for tumor diagnosis was 55.6 +/- 12.6 years, and 80% of the patients diagnosed with tumor were male. On average, 7.5 +/- 4.6 years passed between the transplantation and recognition of the tumor. All of the kidney tumors were diagnosed at an early stage: histologic examination of removed kidneys showed 73% pT1a- and 17% pT1b-stage tumors. Conclusion. In our study, early stage shrunken kidney cancers were outstandingly the most common post-transplant malignancies found by ultrasound screening. Annual ultrasound examinations as part of our current screening protocol allowed the detection of tumors at an early stage in kidney transplant recipients.