La Anemia Como Factor De Riesgo Quirúrgico En Cirugía Vascular. Algoritmos De Diagnóstico Y Tratamiento

Anaemia is a clinical condition that is frequently detected in the pre-operative evaluation, particularly in elderly patients. Anaemia is associated with increased peri-operative morbidity and mortality, as well as a greater likelihood of allogeneic blood transfusion, along with the risks involved. Although anaemia can be due to many factors and difficult to establish in some cases, its most common causes are nutritional deficiencies (iron, folic acid, and vitamin B-12) and anaemia of chronic inflammatory disease. In patient candidates for arterial vascular surgery, preoperative anaemia prevalence is around 50%. In addition, one out of three patients has anaemia in the 3 months prior to surgery. The inflammatory condition, inherent to chronic vascular processes, and surgical blood loss favours the predisposition to anaemia. Anaemia, as factor of poor peri-operative prognosis, requires diagnosis and treatment. Algorithms are proposed for managing the anaemia, differentiating scheduled from urgent surgery. The administration of IV iron should be in the preoperative and early postoperative periods. (C) 2016 SEACV. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.