Risk Factors for the Development of Heart Failure in Women Without Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease. A Follow Up Study From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)

Women with signs and symptoms of ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD)have previously been shown to have an increased risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalization. However, risk predictors for HF in this cohort are unknown. Objective: To assess baseline characteristics and risk of HF hospitalization. Methods: There were 547 women enrolled in the Women’s Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) with normal epicardial coronary arteries or non-obstructive CAD (u003c50% stenosis) and signs and symptoms of ischemia. We performed a retrospective univariate and multivariate analysis, to assess relationships between baseline characteristics and the outcome of CHF hospitalization. Results: During the median follow up of 4 years, 24 women (median age 57±9) developed HF. Univariate predictors of HF include chronic kidney disease (CKD), smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), and elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP), (Table 1). In multivariable analyses, after adjusting for age, BMI, SBP, having been a smoker, no...