The role of radioactive nickel in shaping the plateau phase of Type II supernovae
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY(2019)
摘要
In the present study, we systematically explore the effect of the radioactive Ni-56 and its mixing properties in the ejecta on the plateau of Type IIP supernovae (SNe IIP). We evaluate the importance of Ni-56 in shaping light curves of SNe IIP by simulating light curves for two red supergiant models using different amounts of Ni-56 and with different types of mixing: uniform distribution of Ni-56 out to different fractions of the envelope and 'boxcar' distribution of Ni-56. We find, similarly to previous studies, that Ni-56 extends duration of the plateau. We find a formula to estimate the extension based on the observed bolometric light curves and show that for most SNe IIP Ni-56 extends the plateau by about 20 per cent. Another effect of Ni-56 consists in reduction of the plateau decline rate, i.e. Ni-56 presented in the ejecta flattens the plateau. Our simulations suggest that for typical SNe IIP it can reduce the decline rate by about 1 mag per 100 d. We find that for the contribution of Ni-56 seen in most supernovae (SNe) our simulated bolometric light curves resemble observed ones for various types of Ni-56 mixing. We thereby cannot determine the level of Ni-56 mixing in these SNe based on the light curve alone. However, for SN 2009ib we find that only a model where Ni-56 is mixed significantly throughout most of the hydrogen envelope is consistent with the observed light curve. Our light curves are available via link https://wwwmpa.mpa-garching.mpg.de/ccsnarchive/data/Kozyreva2018/
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关键词
radiative transfer,stars: massive,supernovae: general
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