Batch‐Injection Amperometric Analysis on Screen‐Printed Electrodes: Analytical System for High‐Throughput Determination of Pharmaceutical Molecules

This work presents a single analytical system able to perform high-throughput determinations of different pharmaceutical molecules on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) assembled on a batch-injection analysis (BIA) cell. Two types of SPEs, both containing a carbon conductive ink as working electrode, were selected for the determination of levamisole (LVM) in aqueous and sodium levothyroxine (NaLVT) in hydroethanolic media. The main analytical characteristics of the proposed system for both examples are high precision (RSD <3.8 %, n=10), low detection limits (submicromolar range), and high sample-throughput (>150 h(-1)) using a single SPE, demonstrating the extended lifetime of such sensors, which are adequate for routine pharmaceutical analysis. The proposed analytical system requires battery-powered portable devices, including potentiostat and reader, electronic micropipette, BIA cell and SPEs, and can be applied for a wide range of pharmaceutical molecules. In case of analyte adsorption on electrode surface, fast electrode cleaning can be supplied by external stirring easily adapted to the cell, which is demonstrated in this work for NaLVT determination.