Initial bi atrial three-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation according to rhythm outcome at six month follow-up

Background Two-dimensional left atrial (LA) size is an independent echocardiographic predictor of atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrence and recurrence. Purpose Our study aimed to evaluate LA and right atrial (RA) three-dimensional (3D) volumes at admission (M0) in patients with AF to define atrial remodeling according to rhythm outcome at 6 month follow-up (M6). Methods 3D RA and LA parameters were assessed at M0 in patients admitted for AF: body surface area-indexed maximum 3D volume (Max 3D RA Voli, Max 3D LA Voli) and indexed minimum volume (Min 3D RA Voli, Min 3D LA Voli); atrial emptying fraction (3D RAEF, 3D LAEF) and atrial expansion index (3D RAEI, 3D LAEI). Results Forty-eight consecutive patients hospitalized for AF were prospectively included. Two groups were individualized according to rhythm outcome: successful cardio version (SuccCV) in 35(72.9%) patients including either spontaneous ( n  = 10) or electrical cardioversion ( n  = 25) (AF at M0 and sinus rhythm (SR) at M6); failure or contra indication to cardioversion (FailCV) in 13(27.1%) patients (AF at M0 and AF at M6). 3D echocardiographic evaluation from 41 patients at M0 found: – significantly upper Min 3D RA Voli, Min 3D LA Voli in group FailCV in comparison with SuccCV; – significantly lower 3D RAEF, 3D RAEI, 3D LAEF, 3D LAEI in group FailCV in comparison with SuccCV; – no significant differences regarding Max 3D RA Voli, Max 3D LA Voli between groups FailCV and SuccCV ( Table 1 ). Conclusion 3D atrial echocardiographic parameters could be useful to predict initial atrial remodelling in patients admitted for AF.