Adjunctive Nutrition Therapy for Depression

Depression is the leading cause of global disability, and many patients fail to respond to standard treatments. Preliminary evidence suggests that adjunctive nutrition therapy may improve treatment outcomes in depression. We review the evidence for the efficacy and/or mechanisms of the following nutrients: vitamin D, vitamins B12 and B9, vitamin C, zinc, selenium, omega-3 fatty acid, N-acetylcysteine, and nicotinamide riboside. Preliminary evidence suggests that these nutrients may facilitate mood regulation by regulating neurotransmitters, engaging in reduction-oxidation, or by modulating neuronal structure. Although initial evidence is promising, large, placebo-controlled studies are needed to validate their efficacy.