Tunable electro-optical modulator based on a photonic crystal fiber selectively filled with liquid crystal

A liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is proposed for electro-optical modulation. The E7 liquid crystal is precisely filled in one of the innermost air holes of the PCF and forms an in-fiber optical coupler, and the resonance wavelength can be tuned with a sensitivity of 5.594 nm/Vrms when an external voltage is applied. The device can operate as an electro-optical switch/modulator ...