Systematic Review of Utilized ICTs in Quality Assurance and Accreditation of Higher Education and a Case Study of Developing Country.

Numerous studies and surveys have examined the utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Higher Education (HE), but the lack of studies on the utilization of ICTs in Quality Assurance and Accreditation (QAA) of HE led us to perform a Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This review mainly benefits QAA agencies and researchers interested in utilizing ICTs for QAA of HE. Several contributions of ICTs to QAA of HE are identified. 1) Compared to QAA agencies, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) are more likely to implement ICTs. 2) Most ICTs in HEIs are for Quality Assurance (QA). 3) Most previous studies were conducted in Europe, demonstrating that efforts have been made to align QAA agencies and HEI QAA units with European Standards. Consequently, ICTs are more often utilized by European HEIs. Furthermore, we investigated the QAA status in a developing country (Afghanistan) as a case study.