High-frequency irreversible electroporation for cardiac ablation using an asymmetrical waveform

Background Irreversible electroporation (IRE) using direct current (DC) is an effective method for the ablation of cardiac tissue. A major drawback of the use of DC-IRE, however, are two problems: requirement of general anesthesia due to severe muscle contractions and the formation of bubbles containing gaseous products from electrolysis. The use of high-frequency alternating current (HF-IRE) is expected to solve both problems, because HF-IRE produces little to no muscle spasms and does not cause electrolysis. Methods In the present study, we introduce a novel asymmetric, high-frequency (aHF) waveform for HF-IRE and present the results of a first, small, animal study to test its efficacy. Results The data of the experiments suggest that the aHF waveform creates significantly deeper lesions than a symmetric HF waveform of the same energy and frequency ( p = 0.003). Conclusion We therefore conclude that the use of the aHF enhances the feasibility of the HF-IRE method.