KM3NeT front-end and readout electronics system: hardware, firmware, and software

Sebastiano Aiello,Annarita Margiotta,Antonio Marinelli,Christos Markou,Gregory Martignac,Lilian Martin,Juan A. Martínez-Mora,Agnese Martini,Fabio Marzaioli,Safaa Mazzou, Rosa Mele,Karel W. Melis,Pasquale Migliozzi,Emilio Migneco,Piotr Mijakowski,Luis S. Miranda,Carlos M. Mollo, Mauro Morganti,Michael Moser,Abdelilah Moussa,Rasa Muller,Paolo Musico,Mario Musumeci,Lodewijk Nauta,Sergio Navas,Carlo A. Nicolau, Christine Nielsen,Brian Ó Fearraigh,Mukharbek Organokov,Angelo Orlando,Gogita Papalashvili,Riccardo Papaleo,Cosimo Pastore,Gabriela E. Păvălaş,Giuliano Pellegrini,Carmelo Pellegrino,Mathieu Perrin-Terrin,Paolo Piattelli,Camiel Pieterse,Konstantinos Pikounis,Ofelia Pisanti,Chiara Poirè, Georgia Polydefki,Vlad Popa,Maarten Post,Thierry Pradier,Gerd Pühlhofer,Sara Pulvirenti, Liam Quinn,Fabrizio Raffaelli,Nunzio Randazzo,Antonio Rapicavoli,Soebur Razzaque,Diego Real,Stefan Reck, Jonas Reubelt,Giorgio Riccobene,Marc Richer,Louis Rigalleau,Alberto Rovelli,Ilenia Salvadori, Dorothea F. E. Samtleben,Agustin Sánchez Losa,Matteo Sanguineti,Andrea Santangelo,Domenico Santonocito,Piera Sapienza,Jan-Willem Schmelling,Jutta Schnabel,Virginia Sciacca,Jordan Seneca,Irene Sgura,Rezo Shanidze,Ankur Sharma,Francesco Simeone,Anna Sinopoulou,Bernardino Spisso,Maurizio Spurio,Dimitris Stavropoulos,Jos Steijger,Simona M. Stellacci, Bruno Strandberg, Dominik Stransky,Mauro Taiuti,Yahya Tayalati,Enrique Tenllado,Tarak Thakore, Paul Timmer,Steven Tingay,Ekaterini Tzamariudaki,Dimitrios Tzanetatos,Veronique Van Elewyck,Federico Versari,Salvo Viola,Daniele Vivolo,Gwenhael de Wasseige,Joern Wilms, Rafał Wojaczyński,Els de Wolf, Dmitry Zaborov,Angela Zegarelli,Juan D. Zornoza,Juan Zúñiga, Vasilis Panagopoulos,Fabrizio Ameli,Michel Andre,Giorgos Androulakis,Marco Anghinolfi,Gisela Anton,Miquel Ardid,Julien Aublin,Christos Bagatelas,Giancarlo Barbarino,Bruny Baret,Suzan Basegmez du Pree, Anastasios Belias,Meriem Bendahman,Edward Berbee,Ad M. van den Berg, Vincent Bertin,Vincent van Beveren,Simone Biagi,Andrea Biagioni,Matthias Bissinger,Pascal Bos,Jihad Boumaaza,Simon Bourret,Mohammed Bouta,Gilles Bouvet,Mieke Bouwhuis,Cristiano Bozza,Horea Brânzaş,Max M. Briel, Marc Bruchner,Ronald Bruijn,Jurgen Brunner,Ernst-Jan Buis,Raffaele Buompane,Jose Busto,David Calvo,Antonio Capone,Silvia Celli,Mohamed Chabab,Nhan Chau,Silvio Cherubini,Vitaliano Chiarella,Tommaso Chiarusi,Marco Circella,Rosanna Cocimano,Joao A. B. Coelho,Alexis Coleiro,Marta C. Molla,Stephane Colonges,Rosa Coniglione,Paschal Coyle,Alexandre Creusot,Giacomo Cuttone,Antonio D’Amico,Antonio D’Onofrio,Richard Dallier,Mauro De Palma,Irene Di Palma,Antonio F. Díaz,Didac Diego-Tortosa,Carla Distefano, Alba Domi,Roberto Donà,Corinne Donzaud,Damien Dornic, Manuel Dörr, Mora Durocher,Thomas Eberl,Thijs van Eeden,Imad El Bojaddaini,Hassnae Eljarrari,Dominik Elsaesser,Alexander Enzenhöfer,Paolo Fermani,Giovanna Ferrara,Miroslav D. Filipović,Luigi A. Fusco,Deepak Gajanana,Tamas Gal,Alfonso Garcia Soto,Fabio Garufi,Lucio Gialanella,Emidio Giorgio,Sara R. Gozzini,Rodrigo Gracia,Kay Graf,Dario Grasso,Timothee Grégoire,Giuseppe Grella,Daniel Guderian,Carlo Guidi,Steffen Hallmann,Hassane Hamdaoui,Hans van Haren,Aart Heijboer,Amar Hekalo,Juan J. Hernández-Rey, Jannik Hofestädt,Feifei Huang,Enrique H. Santiago,Giulia Illuminati,Clancy W. James,Peter Jansweijer, Martijn Jongen,Maarten de Jong,Paul de Jong,Matthias Kadler,Piotr Kalaczyński,Oleg Kalekin,Uli F. Katz,Nafis R. Khan Chowdhury,Frits van der Knaap,Els N. Koffeman,Paul Kooijman,Antoine Kouchner,Michael Kreter,Vladimir Kulikovskiy,Robert Lahmann,Giuseppina Larosa,Remy Le Breton,Francesco Leone,Emanuele Leonora,Giuseppe Levi,Massimiliano Lincetto,Miles Lindsey Clark,Alessandro Lonardo,Fabio Longhitano,Daniel Lopez-Coto, Giuliano Maggi,Jerzy Mańczak,Karl Mannheim

arxiv（2019）

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摘要

The KM3NeT research infrastructure being built at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea will host water-Cherenkov telescopes for the detection of cosmic neutrinos. The neutrino telescopes will consist of large volume three-dimensional grids of optical modules to detect the Cherenkov light from charged particles produced by neutrino-induced interactions. Each optical module houses 31 3-in. photomultiplier tubes, instrumentation for calibration of the photomultiplier signal and positioning of the optical module, and all associated electronics boards. By design, the total electrical power consumption of an optical module has been capped at seven Watts. We present an overview of the front-end and readout electronics system inside the optical module, which has been designed for a 1-ns synchronization between the clocks of all optical modules in the grid during a life time of at least 20 years. (C) 2019 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

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关键词

front-end electronics,readout electronics,neutrino telescope,KM3NeT

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