Fetal pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect: Features, associations, and outcome in fetuses with different pulmonary circulation supply types.

OBJECTIVES:To assess features and outcome in fetuses with pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD). METHODS:Fetuses with PA-VSD were prospectively enrolled and grouped on the basis of the pulmonary blood supply, including type A (only arterial duct [DA]), type B (both DA and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries [MAPCAs] present), and type C (MAPCAs only). The echocardiography features, associated chromosomal/genetic malformations, and postnatal outcome were compared among the three groups. RESULTS:Fifty-five fetuses with PA-VSD were enrolled. The presence of confluent PAs varied, with the highest displaying rate in type A and lowest rate in type C (100% vs 41.1%). The intrapericardial pulmonary arteries in all groups were hypoplastic but smaller in types B and C than in type A (P < .05). Deletion of 22q11.2 and right aortic arch were more frequently observed in types B and C than in type A. At the end of the study, overall survival rates in type C were lower than those in type A (22.1% vs 77.3%). CONCLUSION:There are great differences in the size of pulmonary arteries, associated genetic malformations, and perinatal outcomes among fetuses with PA-VSD. These results could be used for family counseling and surgical planning.