Chemotherapy-associated Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Lung Disease Shortens Survival Especially in Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/ Aim: In lung cancer (LC) patients, pre-existing interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a risk of chemotherapy-associated acute exacerbation of ILD (AE-ILD). AE-ILD shows a diverse clinical course varying from fatal respiratory failure to asymptomatic event, and the prognostic impact is still unclear. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the association between the prognosis and AE-ILD in 86 LC patients with pre-existing ILD who were treated with cytotoxic chemotherapy, especially focusing on histological types of LC. Results: Thirty (34.9%) patients had AE-ILD, that was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in LC patients with ILD. When analyzed by histological types, a significant association of AE-ILD with shorter survival was observed only in the small cell LC (SCLC) group, but not in the non-small cell LC group. Conclusion: The development of AE-ILD by cytotoxic chemotherapy is associated with poor prognosis in LC patients with ILD, especially in patients with SCLC.