Neotectonic (Miocene to recent) vertical movements in the Lao Cai Basin (Red River Fault Zone, Vietnam): An approach to seismic hazard assessment

•The exhumation of the Miocene strata in the Lao Cai Basin might amount up to 2.4 km.•The Lao Cai Basin was affected by M5+ earthquakes.•The return period of the M5+ earthquakes was from 0.37 to less than 2.30 ka•The analysis of fractured clasts in gravels may improve seismic hazard assessments.