Classification of Incident Types of Hematologic Malignancy Using Discriminant Analysis at Kinshasa University Clinics, DR Congo

The objective of this study was to identify important biomarker differences between absence of HM and expected morphopathologic types of HM. A retrospective analysis study of adult patients aged ≥ 20 years was managed by cytologic aspects such as normal myelogram vs. HM types between 2009 and 2015. Out of 105 patients, 63 (60%) experienced incident HM while 42, 14, 18, 10, 10, 6, and 5 patients had normal myelogram, multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), acute myeloid leukaemia (CLL) and acute lymphoid leukaemia (ALL), respectively. In Discriminant Analysis (DA), only levels of transfusion, Hb, and WCC discriminated significantly (Wilks lambda =0.159; P < 0.0001) the study groups through Function 1 [Eigen value (EV) = 2.591; cumulative variance (CV) = 78, 7% and Canonical correlation (CC) = 0.849], Function 2 (EV = 0.619; CV = 97.5%; CC = 0.618), and Function 3 (EV = 0.081; CV = 100%; CC = 0.274). The highest Mahalanobis distance (Min D Squared = 0.162) was observed between CML and MDS. For early diagnosis, precise medicine, and good practice in hematologic oncology, DA separated CML, MDS, MM, AML, CLL, and ALL from normal myelogram in Congolese patients.